The Empire was at its apex, dominating the Mediterranean heartlands and spanning three continents. During this period, Rome reached its greatest territorial extent, with Emperor Trajan leading his legions to the Persian Gulf. After the turmoil and civil war that followed Emperor Nero’s violent death, the situation greatly improved during the reign of the Flavian and Nerva-Antonine dynasties. The Roman Empire in the second century CE was a fascinating place. The Height of the Roman Empire Ptolemy’s world map, reconstituted from Ptolemy’s “Geography”, depicting the three continents known to the Romans – Europe, Asia, and Africa – and beyond it, the terra incognita, 15th-century copy, via the British Library Here are five fascinating facts about the map that defined modern geography, and changed our perception of the world.ġ. Thus, it is unsurprising that one of the most famous maps of antiquity, but also history in general - Ptolemy’s world map - was made at this time. It was a fertile ground for the exchange of people, ideas, and knowledge. Truly, this was the “Age of Empires,” an unprecedented period of optimism, inquiry, and growth for all four great powers that ruled over the vast territories of Eurasia. Parthia, too, held fast, allowing the Romans only limited gains, and keeping the monopoly over trade routes linking the East with the Mediterranean.
The legions pushed the borders forward while the Empire enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity - the Pax Romana. In the West, the Roman Empire was at its apex. In India, the Kushan Empire was advancing further into Subcontinent, creating a unique blend of Hellenistic, Indian, and Persian cultures. In the East, the Han Empire consolidated its power and expanded into central Asia, exporting its precious commodities along the Silk Road. At the start of the second century CE, four great empires ruled over the ancient world.
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